Fig. 2: Process flow for the fabrication of supercapacitors.

Step 1: Cl2 activation of the active carbon (AC) at the cathode. Step 2: Deposit Zn onto the cathode for subsequent transfer to the anode side. Step 3: Assemble the cathode with a new separator, fresh electrolyte, and a new current collector on the anode side. Step 4: Strip Zn from the cathode, which then deposits Zn onto the anode current collector to complete the device fabrication.