Fig. 2: Flow chart for AIV surveillance and diagnosis, and a brief summary of various diagnostic tests. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Flow chart for AIV surveillance and diagnosis, and a brief summary of various diagnostic tests.

From: Prevention and control of avian influenza virus: Recent advances in diagnostic technologies and surveillance strategies

Fig. 2

a Flow chart: virological surveillance and serological testing. Virological surveillance is employed to detect the presence of AIV through virus isolation and characterization, or the detection of viral proteins or nucleic acids, followed by pathotyping via PCR or sequencing. Serological testing, which detects the antibodies against AIV via methods such as ELISA or HI, holds significance in analyzing past infections or vaccine-induced immunity. b Summary of the methodologies in the detection and identification of AIV. *Represents the targeted approach recommended by the WHO and the WOAH. # Represents the detection time, which was determined based on the reference time provided by the WOAH, the CDC, and relevant references.

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