Fig. 2: Electrochemical performances of electrolytes.

a Temperature-dependent ionic conductivity. b Li+ pathway demonstrated by 2D diffusion models (RSE, ASE and LASE from up to bottom). c Time-dependent EIS plots and interfacial resistance (Rint). d Linear sweep voltammetry curves to characterize the electrochemical window. e Chronoamperometry and EIS results to calculate t+ of LASE. f Numerical simulation to reveal the impact of t+ on the Li+ concentration and potential distribution near the anode surface.