Fig. 3: Interfacial stability with the Li anode of electrolytes.

a Polarization profiles at the current density of 0.5 mA cm-2. b Cycling performance of Li|LASE|Li cell at the current density of 1 mA cm-2. c Morphology of the cycled Li anode surface cycled with various electrolytes as the capacity of 0.25 mAh cm-2 was used. Scale bars, 5 μm. d ToF-SIMS 3D profiles of LiF2− for the Li anode cycled with ASE and LASE. e ToF-SIMS 3D profiles of Li3N− for the Li anode cycled with ASE and LASE.