Fig. 5: Contrasting precipitation forcing on Arabian Sea High Salinity Water (ASHSW) formation and spreading.
From: Sustained freshening of Arabian Sea High Salinity Water induced by extreme precipitation events
Seasonal mean salinity averaged in the upper 50 m from the control model experiment (CNTL) for a winter 2018–2019 (December–February), b summer 2019 (August–October), c winter 2019–2020, d summer 2020. e Time-series of volume-integrated salinity (≥36.6 psu) representing ASHSW production for the period 2018–2023 from the CNTL experiment. e includes the cumulative precipitation contributions from cyclones (red histograms), and from the combined influence of cyclones and extreme precipitation events (black histograms), based on IMERG data. Contour interval for salinity is 0.2 psu. Cyclone occurrences are marked in (e): circles indicate very severe to super cyclones, and diamonds indicate cyclones to severe cyclones. Cyclones penetrating north of 15°N are marked in red.
