Fig. 3: In vitro antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of F/R gel.
From: A dynamically phase-adaptive regulating hydrogel promotes ultrafast anti-fibrotic wound healing
a Representative images of bacteria colonies and live/dead staining assay after different treatments as indicated. b Statistical analysis of the colony counts and live/dead bacteria (n = 3 independent samples). c SEM images of the bacteria before and after F/R gel treatment (red arrows indicate rupture changes in cell wall). d Experimental illustration of biofilm destruction effect by F/R gel (created with BioRender.com). e Crystalline violet staining and live/dead bacteria staining images of mature biofilms after various treatments. f Biofilm evaluation values (including average thickness and biomass) of mature biofilms (n = 3 independent samples). g Green fluorescence intensity versus biofilm depth quantified from CLSM planes in e. Three independent experiments were performed and representative results are shown in a, c, e. Data are presented as mean ± SD and statistical significance was analyzed via one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test. P value: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
