Fig. 5: Influence of quenching rate on the phase component within Lu:Hf1-xZrxO2 bulk crystals. | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Influence of quenching rate on the phase component within Lu:Hf1-xZrxO2 bulk crystals.

From: Unlocking the phase evolution of the hidden non-polar to ferroelectric transition in HfO2-based bulk crystals

Fig. 5

a Phase proportion within Lu:Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (9–10.5 at.%) bulk crystals through slow quenching. b Room-temperature XRD data for the Lu:Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (10 at.%) crystal by fast quenching. The inset is the crystal photograph. c Room-temperature Raman spectra of the as-grown and annealed (1000 °C for 10 h in air) fast-quenched Lu:Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (10 at.%) crystal samples. The shaded region corresponds to the characteristic peaks of the o-FE phase. d, e Nonpolarized and polarized (the incident and detected polarizations are vertical) images of the fast-quenched Lu:Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (10 at.%) crystal sample. All the scale bars are 2 μm. f Dependence of quenching rate on the phase component of Lu:Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (10 at.%) bulk crystals. g Influence mechanism of quenching rate on the phase transformation from the metastable t phase within Lu:Hf0.6Zr0.4O2 (10 at.%) bulk crystals. Eh denotes the heating energy, and ΔEt/o-FE (or ΔEt/o-AFE) represents the energy barrier between the t and o-FE (or o-AFE) phases.

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