Fig. 3: Mobility of ARGs from assembly and MAG-based analyzes.

a Relative MGE abundance identified from the non-redundant ORFs on gene level and group level. b Boxplots of the MGE Shannon’s H index across six continents. Hinges show the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles. The upper whisker extends to the largest value no further than 1.5 * IQR from the upper hinge, where IQR is the inter-quartile range between the 25% and 75% quartiles; the lower whisker extends to the smallest value at most 1.5 * IQR from the lower hinge, and dots indicate values of individual samples. Sample size: n = 6, 59, 14, 20, 106, and 21 samples for Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe, North America, and South America, respectively. Significant differences (Dunn’s test with two-sided p-values adjusted by the Bonferroni method < 0.05) between continent pairs are indicated in the plot. c The relative abundance of mobile or immobile ARGs based on taxonomic composition, resistance mechanisms, and drug class. d Multi-phyla mobile ARGs based on gene sharing between MAGs. Nodes represent ARG sequences with labels indicating the gene/gene family name. Node colors indicate the phylogenetic groups of MAGs in which the ARG is present. Node shapes indicate different resistance mechanisms. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.