Fig. 5: Annual system costs in 2045 for different visibility scenarios.
From: Quantifying the trade-offs between renewable energy visibility and system costs
The green color indicates scenarios where minimizing the visibility of renewable infrastructure exclusively from the most scenic or densely populated areas does not significantly affect system costs. By contrast, the beige color signifies scenarios where increasing visibility restrictions lead to a rise in system costs. The red color indicates the most stringent visibility restrictions considered, which results in cost escalation, exhaustion of renewable energy potential, and increases in hydrogen imports and fossil fuel reliance. As all sector's costs are taken into account, these system costs include many parts, such as for the building stock or transport options, which are not as strongly affected by the various scenarios as the energy sector. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
