Fig. 1: Synthesis strategy and structural characterization of the fabricated Ni/MTAC catalysts.

a schematic illustration of the SRE with applied as prepared Ni/MTAC catalysts for renewable hydrogen production. b XRD patterns of the as prepared Ni/MTAC catalysts. c SEM image, and (d) TEM image show the few layers of 1Ni/MTAC. e Depth profiles of Mo2TiAlC2 sample. f HAADF-STEM image of 0.5Ni/MTAC. g, h Magnified HAADF-STEM images of 1Ni/MTAC. i HAADF-STEM image of 1.5Ni/MTAC. j HAADF-STEM image and corresponding EDS maps of 1Ni/MTAC. The yellow squares indicate Ni nanoclusters and some of the single Ni atom sites are highlighted by yellow circles.