Fig. 1: Comparison of HetSIREN standard and pose-CTF decoupled landscapes for the adenylate kinase protein’s open-to-close simulated transition.

Ideally, the landscape should approximate the ground-truth trajectory defined as a straight line arising from the excitation of two protein modes. (a) shows the landscape obtained with a standard architecture, which suffers from a strong deviation from the ground truth due to the pose and CTF coupling. (b) shows the pose and CTF decoupled landscape obtained with HetSIREN. Decoupling the pose and CTF information makes the structural information more prominent, allowing the latent space to approximate the ground-truth conformational landscape well, which should be just a straight line.