Fig. 1: Global wind power density (WPD) at 100 m hub height from observations and climate reanalysis with different temporal resolutions (1973–2021).

The maps show global WPD distribution derived from observational data at daily (a) and hourly (b) resolutions, along with their relative bias (RB, %) (c). Similarly, WPD distributions from the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) using daily (d) and hourly (e) resolutions are shown, with their corresponding relative bias (RB, %) (f). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.