Fig. 4: Projected global wind power density (WPD) distribution at the hub height (100 m) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585 scenario for 2090–2100, based on the Earth system model (EC-Earth3) simulations. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Projected global wind power density (WPD) distribution at the hub height (100 m) under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 585 scenario for 2090–2100, based on the Earth system model (EC-Earth3) simulations.

From: Detecting and calibrating large biases in global onshore wind power assessment across temporal scales

Fig. 4

a Global WPD(daily) derived from daily wind speed data. b Calibrated WPD(3-hour), calculated using WPD(daily) and K(daily-3hour). c Calibrated WPD(1-hour), calculated using WPD(daily) and K(daily-1hour). d Relative bias (RB) between WPD(daily) and WPD(3-hour), based on daily and 3-hour wind speed data from the climate model. e Relative bias (RB) between calibrated WPD(3-hour) and original WPD(3-hour). The calibrated WPD(3-hour) was calculated using WPD(daily) and K(daily-3hour). f Boxplots of RB for (i) WPD(daily) versus WPD(3-hour), and (ii) calibrated WPD(3-hour) versus original WPD(3-hour). g Bar chart showing average global onshore WPD for different temporal resolutions and calibrations: (i) WPD(daily), (ii) calibrated WPD(3-hour), and (iii) calibrated WPD(1-hour). Antarctica is excluded from the analysis due to its current unsuitability for wind power development. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.

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