Fig. 3: DSS‐colitis model damages gut tissue and increases serum and colon cytokines levels.
From: Neural representation of cytokines by vagal sensory neurons
a DSS‐induced colitis produces significant reduction in percent change of body weight (per mouse, n = 6, *, P = 0.0297, Mixed-effects analysis). b DSS‐induced colitis produces an increase in disease activity score (n = 8 mice,***, P < 0.0001, Mixed-effects analysis). c Representative images of shortened colon length in DSS‐colitis group, with associated quantification (Control, n = 12 mice, DSS-colitis, n = 14 mice, **, P = 0.0028, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). d Histological assessment of colon tissue by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining reveals severe histological changes in DSS‐colitis colons (n = 20, 26, left to right, ***, P < 0.0001, two-tailed Mann–Whitney test). Scale bars for H&E images: top 1 mm, middle 100 µm, bottom 50 µm. e Colitis increases several serum cytokine levels at day 7 (peak disease, per mouse, n = 9, TNF day 7 *, P = 0.027, day *, P = 0.037; IL-10 *, P = 0.0246; IL-6 day 7, *, P = 0.016, day 14 *, P = 0.027; CXCL1 day 7, **, P = 0.0031, day 14 *, P = 0.04; MCP-1 day 7, *, P < 0.031, Mixed-effects analysis with Šidák correction). f DSS‐colitis increases several cytokine levels in the colon at day 7 (peak disease, per mouse, n = 9, IL-1β day 7, *, P = 0.0257; day 14, *, P = 0.048; TNF day 7, **, P = 0.009; IL-10 day 7, *, P = 0.043; IL-6 day 7, *, P = 0.039; CXCL1 day 7, **, P = 0.0049; MCP-1 day 7, *, P = 0.026, Mixed-effects analysis with Šidák correction). All error bars represent ± SEM.
