Table 3 Summary of energy intensities used in the DLE model for energy use within Switzerland
From: Energy requirements for securing wellbeing in Switzerland and the space for affluence and inequality
Category | Source | 2020 | 2025 | 2030 | 2035 | 2040 | 2045 | 2050 | Units |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Residential | |||||||||
Space heating | EP | 304 | 260 | 215 | 177 | 145 | 119 | 98 | MJ m-2 |
Cooling | EP | 7.3 | 7.1 | 7.3 | 7.9 | 8.8 | 9.4 | 10.1 | MJ m-2 |
Lighting | EP | 7.4 | 4.7 | 4.0 | 3.6 | 3.3 | 3.0 | 2.8 | MJ m-2 |
Appliances | EP | 1,159 | 1,037 | 940 | 885 | 854 | 826 | 798 | MJ cap−1 |
Information technology | EP | 672 | 674 | 670 | 659 | 638 | 615 | 594 | MJ cap−1 |
Water heating | EP | 3419 | 3047 | 2658 | 2311 | 2031 | 1791 | 1584 | MJ cap−1 |
Cooking | EP | 655 | 634 | 608 | 582 | 559 | 544 | 539 | MJ cap−1 |
Clothing | EX-HH | 39 | 37 | 35 | 33 | 32 | 30 | 29 | MJ cap−1 |
Cleaning products | EX-HH | 2.2 | 2.1 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | MJ cap−1 |
Household furnishings | Other | 0.010 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.008 | 0.007 | MJ m-2 |
Other consumer goods | EX-HH | 156 | 149 | 142 | 136 | 129 | 123 | 117 | MJ cap−1 |
Transport | |||||||||
Cars and motorbikes | EP | 1.08 | 0.98 | 0.84 | 0.71 | 0.60 | 0.52 | 0.46 | MJ pkm−1 |
Buses | Other | 0.18 | 0.17 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | MJ pkm−1 |
Rail | EP | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.22 | 0.22 | MJ pkm-1 |
Air transport | EP | 1.18 | 1.07 | 0.96 | 0.87 | 0.78 | 0.71 | 0.64 | MJ pkm-1 |
Road transport (beyond direct) | EX-Tot | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.06 | MJ pkm-1 |
Rail transport (beyond direct) | EX-Tot | 0.32 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.24 | 0.20 | 0.17 | 0.14 | MJ pkm-1 |
Air transport (beyond direct) | EX-Tot | 0.30 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.21 | MJ pkm-1 |
Services | |||||||||
Healthcare | EP | 1895 | 1666 | 1509 | 1410 | 1,329 | 1,259 | 1,217 | MJ cap-1 |
Education | EP | 534 | 464 | 414 | 374 | 334 | 309 | 290 | MJ m-2 |
Public administration | EP | 665 | 570 | 519 | 465 | 412 | 382 | 356 | MJ cap-1 |
Trade | EP | 631 | 564 | 507 | 457 | 407 | 371 | 345 | MJ m-2 |
Telecommunication | EP | 1,513 | 1,326 | 1,180 | 1,063 | 961 | 887 | 817 | MJ cap-1 |
Public space | EP | 582 | 514 | 461 | 416 | 370 | 340 | 318 | MJ m-2 |
Industry | |||||||||
Water supply, waste management | EP | 184 | 136 | 111 | 95 | 83 | 75 | 68 | MJ cap-1 |
Construction | EP | 671 | 638 | 606 | 579 | 558 | 538 | 519 | MJ cap-1 |
Electricity infrastructure | Other | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.12 | GJ GJ-1 |
Agriculture | |||||||||
Total | EP | 1068 | 1015 | 949 | 886 | 851 | 819 | 789 | MJ cap-1 |
Freight | |||||||||
Road (direct) | EP | 2.34 | 2.19 | 1.96 | 1.75 | 1.60 | 1.49 | 1.40 | MJ tkm-1 |
Rail (direct) | EP | 0.17 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.13 | MJ tkm-1 |
Road (beyond direct) | EP-EX | 19% | 19% | 20% | 20% | 20% | 20% | 18% | - |
Rail (beyond direct) | EP-EX | 52% | 52% | 51% | 50% | 47% | 44% | 39% | - |
