Fig. 2: Synthesis and characterization of EV hydrogels.
From: Injectable extracellular vesicle hydrogels with tunable viscoelasticity for depot vaccine
a Schematic illustration of labeling of cancer cells with azido group and subsequent secretion of azido-labeled EVs (created using Biorender). b Cy5 fluorescence intensity of E.G7-OVA EVs that were incubated with DBCO-Cy5 for 30 min (n = 5 technical replicates). Also shown are the c average diameter (n = 4 technical replicates), d relative concentration (n = 4 technical replicates), and e TEM images of azido-labeled EVs and control EVs derived from E.G7-OVA cells. f Proteomic analysis of azido-labeled and control E.G7-OVA EVs. Two different batches of EVs were analyzed. Proteins with relatively higher concentrations are included. g Schematics showing the formation of EV gels from azido-labeled EVs and DBCO-PEG via click chemistry. h Photos of the mixture of DBCO-PEG and azido-labeled EVs or control EVs at 37 °C. i Quantification of EV-N3 before and after mixing with DBCO-PEG (n = 3 technical replicates). j Representative plots and k average storage moduli (G’) and loss Moduli (G”) of formed EV gels (n = 4 technical replicates). l SEM image of EV gels. All the numerical data are presented as mean ± SD (two-tailed Student’s t test was used; 0.01 <*P ≤ 0.05; **P ≤ 0.01; ***P ≤ 0.001; ****P ≤ 0.0001).
