Fig. 4: Spin filtering.

a Schematic illustration of the origin of the CISS effect. Charge carrier transport along vertically induced chiral (helical) potentials results in spin filtering. Current versus voltage (I-V) curves measured by mCP-AFM technique for R-MBA₂PbI₄ (b) and S-MBA₂PbI₄ (c) films. The probe was magnetized in the up (red) and down (blue) orientations. The I-V curve for each film was averaged 10 scans at different points (raw data presented in Supplementary Fig. 25). d The g_current as a function of the thickness of the S-2D layer for S-2D/3D CPL detectors. Error bars represent the standard deviation from five independent devices. e Response spectra of the S-2D/MAPbI₃ detector with ~107 nm S-2D layer under σ⁺ and σ⁻ CPL illumination. f The g_current spectra of our chiral-2D/3D CPL detector and the reference CPL detectors, as detailed in Supplementary Table 2. The green region indicates the typical detection range of most reported chiral perovskite-based CPL detectors. The red region represents the extended detection range rarely covered by chiral perovskite-based CPL detectors. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.