Fig. 3: MAIT cells exhibit dysregulated functionality in liver failure patients that is rectified post liver transplantation.

A Normalized enrichment scores (NES) of tissue repair-, pro-inflammation- and anti-virus-related biological processes from gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) based on gene ontology (GO) database in cMAIT-LF (n = 3) versus cMAIT-HD (n = 6) (left), and hMAIT-LF (n = 3) versus hMAIT-Comp (n = 4) (right). B Frequencies of IFN-γ/IL-17A-producing cells in cMAIT-HD (IFN-γ (n = 116), IL-17A (n = 193)), cMAIT-Comp (IFN-γ (n = 35), IL-17A (n = 34)) and cMAIT-LF (IFN-γ (n = 27), IL-17A (n = 36)), and in hMAIT-HBVN (IFN-γ (n = 19), IL-17A (n = 14)), hMAIT-Comp (IFN-γ (n = 24), IL-17A (n = 26)) and hMAIT-LF (IFN-γ (n = 14), IL-17A (n = 14)) upon Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)/ Ionomycin (Ion) stimulation. Statistical significance was assessed by a one-way ANOVA test followed by Fisher’s LSD test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. C, D Frequencies of IFN-γ- (C) and IL-17A (D)-producing cells of cMAIT cells from pretransplant (IFN-γ (n = 8), IL-17A (n = 6) and posttransplant (IFN-γ (n = 7), IL-17A (n = 6)) upon PMA/Ion stimulation. Data were collected from at least six independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance was assessed by the two-sided paired Student’s t test. E Concentration of indicated cytokines of the supernatant from unstimulated or 5-OP-RU/MR1 aAPCs-stimulated PBMCs from HD, liver failure patients, and LT recipients (n ≥ 3/group). Data were collected from at least three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. n-values represent biological replicates. Statistical significance was assessed by a one-way ANOVA test followed by Fisher’s LSD test. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.