Fig. 4: Phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza virus (AIV) neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences obtained from bird guano samples, alongside reference sequences from GISAID. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Phylogenetic analysis of avian influenza virus (AIV) neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences obtained from bird guano samples, alongside reference sequences from GISAID.

From: Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics

Fig. 4

Panels show phylogenies for the following NA subtypes: a N1, b N2, c N3, d N4, e N5, f N7, g N6, and h N9. Evolutionary history was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method and the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano substitution model for the hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes. The trees with the highest log likelihood are shown. Nextclade (https://clades.nextstrain.org) were used for clade assignment, mutation calling, and quality control for viral genomes.

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