Fig. 4: Electrochemical characterizations of co-rolled film.

a Schematic illustrating Li+ and e− transports in SSE and positive electrode layers, and cell properties affected by such transports. b Co-rolled film and freestanding films used for the characterization. c-f Evaluation of Li+ and e− transports in SSE and positive electrode layers of co-rolled film and freestanding films. c Li+ transport in SSE layer. d e− transport in SSE layer. e Li+ transport in positive electrode layer. f e− transport in positive electrode layer. g-i Evaluation of cell properties of cells assembled with co-rolled film and freestanding films. g Internal resistance. h Shelf-life. i Stack pressure effects by DRT analysis. All tests were conducted at 23 ± 1 °C. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.