Fig. 2: Overexpression of PWWP3A inhibits SeV-triggered signaling.

HEK293 cells transfected with the interferon-β (IFN-β), interferon stimulated response element (ISRE) (a) and Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1) (b) reporter and Flag-PWWP3A plasmids for 20 h, then left untreated (blank) or stimulated with sendai virus (SeV, orange) for 10 h (a) or interferon-γ (IFN-γ, orange) for 6 h (b) before luciferase assays (n = 3 biological replicates per group). c HEK293 cells were transfected with control or Flag-PWWP3A expression plasmids for 20 h, then the cells were left untreated (blank) or infected with SeV for 8 h (orange) before RT-qPCR analysis (n = 3 biological replicates per group). d HEK293 cells were transfected with control or Flag-PWWP3A expression plasmids for 20 h, then the cells were infected with SeV at the indicated time points before immunoblotting analysis with the indicated antibodies. The levels of pIRF3 and pTBK1 were quantified using the Chemiluminescence-Imaging program and normalized to the levels of IRF3 and TBK1, respectively. Flow cytometric analysis (left) and fluorescent microscopy analysis (right) of the replication of GFP-VSV in HEK293 cells (e) or SARS-CoV-2 GFP/ΔN in Caco2-N cells (f). The indicated cells were transfected with control or PWWP3A expression plasmids for 20 h, followed by the infection of GFP-VSV (MOI = 0.1) for 24 h (e) or SARS-CoV-2 GFP/ΔN (MOI = 0.1) for 72 h (f). Graphs shown as mean ± SD, p values are from one-way ANOVA (a, b) or two-tailed, unpaired t-test (c). At least three independent experiments were performed with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.