Fig. 5: Mechanical and electrochemical stability of the GelMA MESH recording electrode.

a Equivalent circuit design of the human tissue and electrode interface for the recording electrode. b Schematic of the stretchable electrode fabrication sequence. The electrode was manufactured by coating gold onto a SEBS mesh and then coating it with ion gel. c 3D and 2D atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of Au MESH and GelMA MESH stretchable electrodes. d Time-dependent stress–relaxation behavior of the electrodes before and after soaking in PBS for 0–1000 s. e Impedance changes in the stretchable electrode under strain. f Schematic illustration of the three-electrode cyclic voltammetry (CV) setup used to analyze the stability of the stretchable electrode. Au MESH and GelMA MESH were soaked in PBS solution as the working electrode. Data are presented as mean values ± SD. g CV curve comparison between Au MESH and GelMA MESH during multiple cycles of charging/discharging. h Charge storage capacity (CSC) changes in Au MESH and GelMA MESH during various cycles. Data are presented as mean values ± SD.