Fig. 3: IFN-γ triggers loss of BMP-2 signaling.

a Sm-ISH (×200 magnification) showing the expression of Bmp2 in healthy and acute colitis colon tissue of WT and IFN-γR KO mice. Quantification is shown in the right panel. n = 3, scale bar: 100 µm. b Expression of Id1, a BMP signaling target, was evaluated via sm-ISH (×200 magnification) in healthy and acute colitis colon tissue of WT and IFN-γR KO mice. Quantification is shown in the right panel. n = 3, scale bar: 100 µm. c Progenitor organoids with or without 48 h IFN-γ or BMP-2 treatment. Brightfield (×200 magnification) and C-CASP3 staining images (×600 magnification) are shown. Scale bar in brightfield: 100 µm. Scale bar in IF images: 50 µm. d, e Sequential treatment of BMP-2 and IFN-γ was performed on progenitor organoids, with bright field and C-CASP3 staining images. The scheme is shown above. Scale bar in brightfield: 100 µm. Scale bar in IF images: 50 µm. f mRNA expression of Bmp2, Id1, and Bmpr1a were assessed using RT-PCR in untreated, BMP-2 treated, IFN-γ treated, and BMP-2 + IFN-γ treated progenitors. n = 4 independent organoid lines from different mice. Experiments displayed in (c–e) were repeated independently three times with similar results. Data are represented as mean ± SD. All p-values above were determined using one-way ANOVA (two-sided) with no adjustments for multiple comparisons. See also Supplementary Fig. 4. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.