Fig. 4: Induction of partial regenerative features by IFN-γ.

a Expression of Anxa1, a regenerative marker, shown by sm-ISH (×200 magnification) in healthy and acute colitis colon tissue of WT and IFN-γR KO mice, with quantification in the right panel. n = 3 mice. ns not significant. Scale bar: 100 µm. b Evaluation of non-phosphorylated YAP (non-p-YAP) via IF staining (×200 magnification) in healthy and acute colitis colon tissue of WT and IFN-γR KO mice. Quantification in the right panel. n = 3 mice. ns not significant. Scale bar: 100 µm. The p-values in (a, b) were determined by one-way ANOVA (two-sided) with no adjustments for multiple comparisons. c Sm-ISH (×400 magnification) evaluation of Anxa1 in assembloids with or without 24 h IFN-γ treatment, with quantification in (d). n = 4 independent assembloids. Scale bars: 100 µm. e Assessment of non-p-YAP by IF staining (×200 magnification) in assembloids with or without 24 h IFN-γ treatment, with quantification in (f). n = 3 independent assembloids. Scale bar: 100 µm. The p-values in (d, f) were determined by Student’s t-test (two-sided). g Multiplex immunofluorescence staining (×600 magnification) of non-p-YAP, E-CAD, KI67, KRT20, and p21 in healthy WT control, IFN-γR KO mice with 5 days DSS, and WT mice with 5 days DSS. Experiments were repeated independently three times with similar results. Scale bar: 100 µm. See also Supplementary Fig. 5. All data are represented as mean ± SD. Source data is provided as a Source Data file.