Fig. 3: Spatial dimensionality reduction, and manual annotation in brain tissues.

A Application of high-dimensionality reduction via UMAP on a dataset derived from a coronal brain section that has been processed through a triple-omics workflow. The UMAP plot visualizes the clustering of multidimensional omics data into a two-dimensional space, facilitating the identification of distinct clusters within the brain tissue. B The subsequent spatial clustering map displays the localized distribution of these clusters based on the precise x and y coordinates captured by the MALDI imaging laser spots. Each color on the map corresponds to a specific cluster, with the legend on the right side denoting the cluster numbers. C The clusters are then manually annotated with their respective anatomical regions by a neuropathologist using the Allen Brain Atlas as a reference. D Similar to panel a, a UMAP plot presents the high-dimensionality reduction of omics data obtained from a sagittal brain section subjected to the same triple-omics workflow, delineating the diverse molecular landscapes across different brain structures. E The subsequent spatial clustering map displays the localized distribution of these clusters based on the precise x and y coordinates captured by the MALDI imaging laser spots. Each color on the map corresponds to a specific cluster, with the legend on the right side denoting the cluster numbers. F Each cluster number is again correlated with specific anatomical regions identified in the sagittal section, guided by manual annotation by a neuropathologist with the Allen Brain Atlas.