Fig. 4: Metabolic diversity in distinct brain regions of a normal mouse brain.

A Spatial clustering map depicting anatomical regions in a normal mouse brain, with a focus on the CA3 region, compared to the rest of the brain. A corresponding volcano plot elucidates the significant metabolic differences between the CA3 area and the rest of the brain, using adjusted p-value threshold of 0.05 to denote significance (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure for multiple comparison). Metabolomic features that are elevated in the CA3 region are indicated in red, while those that are decreased are shown in blue. B Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis, constructed using the MetaboAnalyst 3.2 R package integrated within the Sami, pinpoints the specific metabolic pathways that are significantly enriched in the CA3 region (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure for multiple comparison). The analysis is complemented by a metabolic network visualization, which connects the metabolic pathways identified by pathway enrichment analysis with more than 25% share metabolites, enhancing our understanding of the metabolic interplays and diversity within the CA3 region. Nodes represent biochemical pathways. The size of the nodes and color correlate with the degree of enrichment. C relative abundance of metabolites changed in the citric acid cycle, bar graphs represent pixel by pixel data from CA3 (n = 527 pixels) and non-CA3 (n = 20,000 pixels) regions of the same brain (n = 1). (mean ± SEM; p-values indicated; two-tailed t-test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.