Fig. 6: Uptake and transport behavior in 3D BBB model.
From: Fusogenic lipid nanoparticles for rapid delivery of large therapeutic molecules to exosomes
a–d Confocal image showing the BBB permeability results for each particle. The bar graphs illustrate the fluorescence intensity at various positions in the 3D BBB model. Endothelial cells are labeled with Lectin (green), and HBMEC-exosomes are labeled with DiI (red). HBMEC-hybrid exosomes and HA-hybrid exosomes are labeled with TexasRed (red). e Confocal images demonstrating the uptake of hybrid exosomes by human astrocytes labeled with Qtracker 565 (green). Texas Red-labeled hybrid exosomes (red) colocalize with astrocytes, confirming effective delivery across the BBB. Scale bars: 20 μm. f A scheme showing the BBB uptake and transport behavior of each particle. g Area of fluorescence intensity below the BBB boundary. Data are presented as mean values with SD and n = 3–4. Statistical significance: ****p < 0.0001. Statistical significance was determined using an ordinary one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. f Created in BioRender. Song, J. (2025) https://BioRender.com/sw5wxrk.
