Fig. 3: Single-carrier device performance and reorganization energy analysis.

Current density-voltage characteristics of a hole-only devices (HODs) and b electron-only devices (EODs) for deuterated and non-deuterated mixtures (The inset shows the device structures of HODs and EODs). c Marcus electron transfer theory. d Reorganization energies (λ) of the deuterated and non-deuterated compounds. Voltage rise plots in photoelectrical aging of e HODs and f EODs based on protonated and deuterated mixtures.