Fig. 2: Effect of selective encapsulation of carbon nanotube-doped DSPU (CD) on the TE performance of the self-healing TED.

a Experimentally measured TE performance of the 50-np-pair CD-TED including voltage and power as a function of current. b Finite element analysis (FEA) results showing the temperature distribution on the cross-section of the D-TED and CD-TED with a temperature difference of 10 K. c Temperature difference versus open-circuit voltage and power density of TEDs of different encapsulation methods (the error bar represents the standard deviation, reflecting the degree of data dispersion in three independent experiments). d Comparison of normalized power density (normalized power density is obtained by dividing the output power of a TE device by the area and the square of the temperature difference) versus normalized Seebeck voltage (the normalized Seebeck voltage is obtained by dividing the open circuit voltage of the TE device by the area and temperature difference) between this work and other typical flexible TEDs. e Open-circuit voltage of CD-TED under a continuously decreasing temperature condition. f Open-circuit voltage of CD-TED under different humidity and temperature differences.