Fig. 3: Mechanical and thermal reliability of the CD-TED.

Experimentally measured TE performance of CD-TED after different bending cycles with different bending directions of the x-axis (a) and y-axis (b). c Endurance test with the hot-side temperature (Thot) kept at 323.15 K. The cold side was natural convection, and the room temperature (Troom) was around 299.15 K. d The open-circuit voltage of the CD-TED worn on the arm.