Fig. 6: In vivo osteogenic effects and prospective clinical applications of the CIOHM.
From: Inorganic-organic hybrid metamaterials with switchable high stiffness and elasticity
A Three-dimensional reconstructions illustrating new bone formation around implants at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-implantation, derived from micro-CT data. B and C, Micro-CT-derived quantitative analyses of bone integration using sham surgery, calcium phosphate cement (CPC), and CIOHM implants show (B) bone mineral density (BMD) and (C) trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) (n = 3 biological replicates). Data is presented as mean values +/- SEM. Statistical significance assessed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001; The P-Value (B): Sham vs. CPC = 0.1069 (2 weeks), 0.0237 (4 weeks), < 0.0001 (8 weeks), Sham vs. CIOHM = 0.0004 (2 weeks), < 0.0001 (4 weeks), < 0.0001 (4 weeks), CPC vs. CIOHM = 0.0435 (2 weeks), 0.0035 (4 weeks), <0.0001 (8 weeks); The P-Value (C): Sham vs. CPC = 0.0625 (2 week), 0.0044 (4 week), 0.0016 (8 week), Sham vs. CIOHM = 0.0001 (2 week), < 0.0001 (4 week), < 0.0001 (8 week), CPC vs. CIOHM = 0.0198 (2 week), 0.0013 (4 week), < .0001 (8 week); D Histological evaluations at 8 weeks post-implantation using H&E, Van Gieson’s, von Kossa, and Goldner’s trichrome staining methods to assess bone formation and integration in sham, CPC, and CIOHM groups. Representative sections are shown. Scale bars, 500 µm (overview) and 100 µm (detailed views). E Schematic representation of bone fracture treatment using bone filling granules made from CIOHM in rats’ model, suggesting an alternative therapeutic approach for fracture healing.
