Fig. 3: Trade-offs between equity, river basin and power system performance indicators.
From: Delivering equity in low-carbon multisector infrastructure planning
a Parallel coordinates plot of the baseline and best-performing (Pareto-efficient) infrastructure and operation portfolios, b Aggregate portfolios of infrastructure expansion, and c, d Carbon emissions from thermal and bioenergy power plants. Each line in (a) depicts the performance achieved by one of the Pareto-efficient portfolios (except the “baseline”); thick coloured lines highlight selected distinctive portfolios. The upward direction on each axis in (a) is desirable and a straight line across the top would present an ideal plan; diagonal lines between axes indicate trade-offs, whereas horizontal lines represent synergies. The circle and bar colours in (b) and (c, d) correspond to the lines with the same colours in (a). Mt stands for million tonnes, kt stands for kilotonnes, US$mln stands for US dollar millions, vRES stands for variable renewable energy sources, GW stands for gigawatts. Source data are provided as a Source Data file via Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14851474 (ref. 81).
