Fig. 3: Smoking effect on parental DNM rate. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Smoking effect on parental DNM rate.

From: The impact of ancestral, genetic, and environmental influences on germline de novo mutation rates and spectra

Fig. 3

Estimated effect (fold change difference) of ICD-10-derived smoking behaviour on phased DNM counts in all individuals combined (n = 15,732, p = 3.6 × 10−3), fathers (n = 6599, p = 4.2 × 10−2), and mothers (n = 9133, p = 2.5 × 10−2). Estimates correspond to the effect of smokers versus non-smokers in a generalized linear regression model (Model 6, Methods) within each subset. Smoking status was defined using ICD-10 codes Z58.7 (“exposure to tobacco smoke”) and F17 (“mental and behavioural disorders due to tobacco use”), as described in the Methods section. Error bars indicate two-tailed 95% confidence intervals, and asterisks denote significance based on two-sided p-values: *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.005.

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