Fig. 2: Representative PASEF spectra for structural elucidation and determination of O-acetylated, fucosylated, and pentasialylated GSLs in standard mixtures and porcine brain extract.

a PASEF spectrum of Fuc-GD1 18:1;O2/18:0; b PASEF spectrum of O-acetyl GT1 18:1;O2/20:0; c PASEF spectrum of GP1 18:1;O2/18:0. Blue circle represents Glucose, yellow circle represents Galactose, yellow square represents N-acetylgalactosamine, purple diamond represents N-acetylneuraminic acid, and red triangle represents Fucose; d Identified gangliosides in 17 subclasses from porcine brain extract (Supplementary Table 1). Porcine brain extract was obtained from Avanti Polar Lipids. The extract was dissolved in MeOH/water (8:2, v/v) to achieve a final concentration of 5 pmol/µL, with 20 µL injected onto the column. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.