Fig. 5: Electrocatalytic CO₂R performance in diluted CO₂.

a Schematic illustration of the conversion of diluted CO₂ into fuels via CO₂ electrolysis. Electrolyte: 3.0 M KCl with 0.05 M H₂SO₄ solution (pH 0.8). Total gas (CO₂/N₂ = 15/85) flow rate: 50 sccm. b FEs of all products on Cu@Sustainion in diluted CO₂. c FEs of C₂₊ products on Cu@Sustainion in diluted and pure CO₂. d FEs of all products on Cu in diluted CO₂. e Partial current densities of C₂₊ on Cu@Sustainion and Cu in diluted and pure CO₂. f FEs and SPCEs on Cu@Sustainion with different flow rates at 800 mA cm^–2 in diluted CO₂. The flow rate is the total gas flow rate containing CO₂ and N₂ with 15% CO₂. The error bars represent the standard deviation of three independent measurements.