Fig. 2: Kidney ISG-T cells display cytotoxicity in a murine cGN model.

a Schematic overview of the experiment. A cGN model was induced in mice, and kidneys from these mice were analyzed together with those from healthy controls. Representative images of PAS-stained kidney sections from the control and the cGN group (b) and of immunofluorescence staining showing CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in the kidney (c). These findings were confirmed three times. d UMAP plot of CD3⁺ T cells isolated from nephritic and healthy control kidneys. Heatmap (e) and UMAP plots (f) showing the marker gene expression for each cluster. g UMAP plots depicting the ISG and cytotoxicity scores. The ISG and cytotoxicity scores were calculated based on genes listed in Supplementary Fig. 5c, f, respectively. h Enrichment analysis illustrating the top 10 upregulated pathways in the ISG-T cell cluster. Gene ontology and pathway enrichment were analyzed using Metascape. P-values were calculated using the cumulative hypergeometric test, and adjusted for multiple comparisons using the Benjamini-Hochberg method. i Bar graph showing the proportion of the cGN and control groups in each cluster. j Box plot showing the ISG score in ISG-T cells in the cGN and control groups (Healthy, n = 246 cells; cGN, n = 404 cells). Box plots show the median (horizontal line inside the box), the 25th and 75th percentiles (lower and upper bounds of the box), and the minimum and maximum values (whiskers). P value was calculated by unpaired two-tailed t-test with Welch’s correction. Cell type abbreviations: ISG-T interferon-stimulated genes-expressing T, Trm tissue resident memory T, Tem effector memory T, Tcm central memory T, Tn naïve T, Treg regulatory T, gdT γδ T, NKT natural killer T, Prolif proliferating cells. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.