Fig. 2: Tuneable arbitrary retarder array as a new beam generator.
From: A reconfigurable arbitrary retarder array as complex structured matter
a Six generated complex skyrmionic beams with both simulated and experimental results, including: individual optical skyrmions, optical skyrmion lattices, meron lattices, high-order optical skyrmions with azimuthal and radial variations, and skyrmion bag. b Theory and experimental results of the Mueller matrices of the two high-order optical skyrmion generators. c The optical skyrmion bag generated with a non-uniform input beam. The skyrmion number, as well as the unit skyrmion inside the bag has been demonstrated. d Visualization of optical skyrmion and skyrmion bag mapped onto the Poincaré and Bloch spheres, illustrating their topological properties. The vectorial arrows in space (as well as the Stokes ellipses in space representing SoP), which can be stereographically mapped from a Bloch sphere (as well as Poincaré sphere) that holds the skyrmionic state.
