Table 1 Anticipated capacities, costs, and utilization rates for PV, wind, storage, and transmission facilities by the 2050 s across different interconnection scenarios
From: Globally interconnected solar-wind system addresses future electricity demands
Scenario | Installed solar capacity (TWp) | Installed wind capacity (TWp) | Energy storage power (TW) | Energy storage capacity (TWh) | Electricity transmission power (TW) | Annual solar generation (×103 TWh) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S-I | 55.43 | 3.41 | 8.44 | 144.31 | / | 89.38 |
S-A | 54.36 | 3.38 | 7.92 | 115.46 | 235.51 | 87.63 |
S-C | 47.15 | 3.34 | 5.74 | 106.69 | 341.44 | 73.57 |
S-G | 42.52 | 3.27 | 4.93 | 90.88 | 384.49 | 65.24 |
Scenario | Annual wind generation (×103 TWh) | Storage utilization rate (%) | Transmission utilization rate (%) | Total initial investment (trillion US$) | Curtailment rate (%) | Penetration rate (%) |
S-I | 7.73 | 4.53 | / | 142.32 | 41.30 | 72.02 |
S-A | 7.63 | 3.21 | 0.48 | 133.34 | 32.20 | 73.68 |
S-C | 7.58 | 0.70 | 0.74 | 123.12 | 23.46 | 74.20 |
S-G | 7.42 | 0.52 | 1.15 | 119.85 | 8.65 | 77.08 |
