Fig. 3: Land surface temperature distributions by time and redlining grade.

Normalized density distribution plots of LST over the course of an average summer day (i.e., Jun, Jul, Aug) are staggered and shown for the time segments: a past midnight, b morning, c, late evening, and d afternoon. Each distribution is color-coded according to HOLC grade, and the median LST for each grade is written on the left. The horizontal axis is standardized across subplots, with each subdivision representing a consistent 2. 5 °C interval to facilitate visual comparison.