Fig. 5: Two-dimensional polarization-sensitive mixed-multimodal imaging.

a Layout of a 3 × 3 polarimetric kernel array designed for polarization-sensitive image processing, enabling distinct detection and processing of images based on polarization chirality. b System depiction of continuous polarized image generation and subsequent processing via a 3 × 3 polarimetric kernel array, illustrating the concept of polarization-sensitive in-sensor mixed-multimodal imaging. c Circuit illustration for polarimetric kernels consisting of identity and edge-enhancement operation. d Comparison of simulated results (assuming an ideal dissymmetry factor of 2) and in-sensor computed emulation, showing the seamless transition from identity filtering to edge-enhanced imaging with varying polarization angles using the Cameraman image. e Circuit illustration for polarimetric kernels consisting of identity and edge-enhancement. f Transition of processed image from Sobel-X to Sobel-Y processed images with changing polarization angles, enabling angle-dependent edge detection. The Cameraman image is adapted from (© Massachusetts Institute of Technology, used under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license).