Fig. 6: Technoeconomic assessment.
From: An acid-free process to prepare battery grade nickel and cobalt sulfates from complex resources
Material flow analysis of (a) the traditional pyrometallurgical-hydrometallurgical process and (b) acid-free atmospheric leaching process. The units of the numbers in a, b are tons. c Economic and (d) energy consumption analysis of the two processes. In Process I, Pyro stands for pyrometallurgical process including smelting and converting, and HPL stands for pressure leaching. In Process II, MA stands for mechanical activation, and AL stands for atmospheric leaching. e Comprehensive comparison of the two processes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
