Fig. 7: GPe low-frequency macro stimulation improves task performance under PCP administration, whereas high-frequency stimulation hampers it. | Nature Communications

Fig. 7: GPe low-frequency macro stimulation improves task performance under PCP administration, whereas high-frequency stimulation hampers it.

From: Basal ganglia deep brain stimulation restores cognitive flexibility and exploration-exploitation balance disrupted by NMDA-R antagonism

Fig. 7

Behavioral performance analysis was carried out under phencyclidine (PCP) administration. Red - No stimulation, blue—130 Hz continuous stimulation (activity dampener), and green—13 Hz continuous stimulation (activity enhancer). aTop—Mean ± SEM learning curve. Inset shows a one-second recording during 130 Hz stimulation (green) and during 13 Hz stimulation (blue), the gray bar shows 500 ms duration and a recording of one stimulation epoch (yellow). Middle—learning slope. Bottom—Switch probability. b Top—Mean ± SEM learning criterion (achieving three consecutive correct choices) during 130 Hz stimulation (left, blue, total of 343 blocks), no stimulation (middle, red, total of 770 blocks), and 13 Hz stimulation (right, green, total of 236 blocks). Middle—the non-human primates’ (NHPs) Mean ± SEM probability of making directed exploration (i.e., to switch their choice after a prediction-outcome mismatch). A total of 1762 trials during 130 Hz stimulation, 3,611 trials without stimulation and 771 trials with 13 Hz stimulation. Bottom—The NHPs’ Mean ± SEM likelihood of making random exploration (i.e., to switch their choice after congruent prediction-outcome). A total of 3345 trials under 130 Hz stimulation, 7939 trials without stimulation and 2681 with 13 Hz stimulation.

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