Fig. 4: Veterinary practices allocated through a geographically targeted approach.

Results of the geographically targeted approach used to scale up veterinary practices in two countries with coldspots: (a) Kenya and (b) Ecuador. Coldspots were defined as 10 × 10 km2 pixels where food animals were farther than 1 h of motorized travel time from the nearest veterinary practice. Both panels show the point patterns of veterinary practices observed (green), veterinary practices predicted through the geospatial modeling (light brown, see Methods), and the 5% of supplementary predicted veterinary practices allocated through a geographically targeted approach (orange), i.e., an approach prioritizing the allocation of veterinary practices in areas with a high density of food animals in coldspots and far from predicted veterinary practices (“contiguity approach”, see Methods).