Fig. 4: Evaluation of neuromodulation in somatosensory evoked potential using SFAT-ACFAL. | Nature Communications

Fig. 4: Evaluation of neuromodulation in somatosensory evoked potential using SFAT-ACFAL.

From: Bioadhesive hydrogel-coupled and miniaturized ultrasound transducer system for long-term, wearable neuromodulation

Fig. 4

a Schematic representation of experimental setup. b Illustration of EEG electrode and SFAT-ACFAL placement in 10–20 EEG montage with its corresponding targeting of left S1 with FUS at CP3. c Grand average of epochs where median nerve (MN) stimulation occurs at t = 0 ms and FUS or sham begins at t = −100 ms (red line indicates SEP under FUS+, black line indicates SEP under sham, highlighted blue indicates where significant difference was observed P27-N20 complex in SEP). d Summary of effect of FUS compared to sham in P27-N20 and N33-P27 complexes of SEP. Suppression of early onset P27-N20 complex observed across C3, P3, and CP5 in SEP by FUS (n = 8 per group, Two-sided Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 7 male and 1 female). All plots show mean ± s.e.m unless otherwise mentioned, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 (Supplementary Tables 1–4). All data generated in this figure are provided in the Supplementary Information/Source Data file. Created in BioRender. Tang, K. (2025) https://BioRender.com/6fzf8qz.

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