Fig. 5: Long-term suppression of the P27-N20 complex in somatosensory evoked-potential (SEP) using MiniUlTra.

a Long-term experimental protocol for evaluating efficacy of hydrogel. The hydrogel was fabricated a day before the first session (D0). Three sessions per subject, each consisting of 10 trials of 3 min, each trial consisting of 120 epochs (tFUS/Sham) on day 1 (D1), 7 (D7), and 28 (D28). Each subject had their personal hydrogel with the device, which was stored in room temperature and ~30% humidity. b Optical image of prepared hydrogel compared to commercial ultrasound gel with the corresponding sessions. c Grand average epochs comparing effects of sham and FUS with median nerve (MN) stimulation on SEP across days 1, 7, and 28 using hydrogel. MN stimulation occurs at t = 0 ms and FUS or sham begins at t = −100 ms (black solid line indicates SEP under FUS+ on day 1; black dashed line indicates SEP under Sham on day 1; red solid line indicates SEP under FUS+ on day 28; red dashed line indicates SEP under Sham on day 28; highlighted dark gray indicates where significant difference was observed P27-N20 complex in SEP; highlighted light gray indicates where observable differences in long latency complexes). d Suppression of early onset P27-N20 complex observed across C3, P3, CP1, and CP5 in SEP by FUS shown within each group. No significant difference was observed across FUS groups in bioadhesive hydrogel (HG) when compared to the FUS group using commercial gel (CG). Significant decrease in P27-N20 complexes was observed when comparing within each day of the hydrogel. (n = 8 per group, Šídák multiple comparison One-way ANOVA, 8 male). All plots show mean ± s.e.m unless otherwise mentioned, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001 (Supplementary Table 5). All data generated in this figure are provided in the Supplementary Information/Source Data file.