Fig. 2: The phase evolution of doped Nb2O5 influenced by number, concentration, and substitution of doping elements and the microscopic morphology of HED-Nb2O5.
From: High-entropy-doping effect in a rapid-charging Nb2O5 lithium-ion battery negative electrode
a XRD patterns of Nb2O5-C3 with the different numbers of doping elements at a doping concentration of 3%. b XRD patterns of Nb2O5-N12 and Nb2O5-N15 with the different doping concentrations. c XRD patterns of Nb2O5-N15C3 and Nb2O5-N5C5 with the substitution of doping elements with their corresponding possible oxidation states. The specific dopants of Nb2O5-NXCY can be found in Table S2. d The SEM-EDS mappings of HED-Nb2O5 (N15C3, doping elements: Mg, Ca, Al, Sr, Ba, Cr, Mn, Fe, Sn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ce). Scale bar, 2 μm.
