Fig. 1: Synthesis and characterizations for Pd/C-O catalysts.

a Synthesis of Pd/C-O, b TEM micrographs of Pd/C-O, c Raman spectra and d FTIR spectra of Pd/C and Pd/C-O; e Pd 3 d and O 1 s XPS spectra of Pd/C and Pd/C-O, f Pd K-edge XANES spectra and g FT-EXAFS analysis and fitting plots at R space of various samples.