Fig. 1: Changes in immune cell subsets at the baseline among EBV positive or negative individuals.

AViolin plots showing the percentages of populations from the TN10 trial analyzed by flow cytometry and found to be significantly different after FDR correction. Colors identify EBV serological status(n = 27 EBV-seropositive (blue), n = 34 EBV-seronegative (yellow)) (unpaired t tests between EBV positive and EBV negative participants with a two stage linear step up following Benjamin, Krieger and Yekutieli to correct for false discovery rate (FDR) from multiple hypothesis testing, ***p values = 0.0002, 0.00002, 0.0003, 0.0001, 0.00002, 0.00001, 0.0001, 0.00004, 0.0001, 0.0001 in order from left to right in the violin plots, see Supplementary Data 1). B UMAP visualization of the clusters at the baseline. Points represent individual cells and color denote cluster classification as labeled (n = 6 EBV-seropositive (blue) and n = 8 EBV-seronegative (yellow)). C UMAP visualization of the cells at the baseline. Points represent individual cells and color denote EBV serological status (n = 6 EBV-seropositive and n = 8 EBV-seronegative). D Heatmap showing the Z score of the significant pathways (p < 0.05 after FDR correction) in the major clusters at the baseline (n = 6 EBV-seropositive and n = 8 EBV-seronegative). Pathways were inferred based on the DEGs between EBV positive and EBV negative in each cell subset using IPA software. Blue and red scale denote grades of prediction of downregulation or upregulation of the pathways based on the Z score. E Western blot showing phosphorylation of ERK in B cells after stimulation with anti-human IgM. The ratio of pERK/totalERK was corrected for loading (actin). The levels of pERK are decreased in the EBV-seropositive (n = 6) vs EBV-seronegative (n = 5) individuals (mean values ± SEM, Student’s t-test, *p = 0.04). CM: central memory; TEMRA: T effector memory RA; EM: effector memory. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.