Fig. 2: Kinetic analyses of the TTA-UC process of DPA/PtTPBP, BDP/PtTPBP, and DPA/BDP/PtTPBP system in deaerated toluene. And the derivation process of energy flow of the dual-annihilator model.

Upconverted photoluminescence (UCPL) spectra of a DPA/PtTPBP and b BDP/PtTPBP with different molar ratios under excitation of 639 nm laser with the power density of 1.6 and 0.9 W cm−2, respectively. [PtTPBP] = 1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1. Signals around 774 nm are the emission of the sensitizer. The Stern-Volmer plot of c DPA/PtTPBP and d BDP/PtTPBP. e 2D and f 1D transient absorption spectra of dual-annihilator model in deaerated toluene. The power density of the 635 nm laser was 475 mW cm−2. [PtTPBP] = 1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1, [DPA] = 5.0 × 10−3 mol L−1, [BDP] = 2.5 × 10−4 mol L−1. g Calculated energy transfer efficiencies (ΦTTET) of dual annihilators with different concentrations. The simulation is deduced through the coupled rate equation of the system’s dynamic process. [PtTPBP] = 1.0 × 10−5 mol L−1, [DPA] = 0 − 5.0 × 10−2 mol L-1, [BDP] = 0−2.5 × 10−4 mol L−1. Calculated ΦTTET of h DPA and i BDP.