Table 1 Photophysical Properties of the Investigated Derivatives in the different phases

From: Elucidating the molecular structural origin of efficient emission across solid and solution phases of single benzene fluorophores

Compounds

Phase

λabs (nm)

EFC (eV)

ε

(103 M−1 cm−1)

λem

(nm)

ΔEstokes (eV)

ΦF

(%)a

τF

(ns)b

kF

(107 s−1)

knr

(107 s−1)

TGlu

solution

395

3.13

6.7

461

0.45

94

11c

8.5

0.5

polycrystalline

–

–

–

456

–

98

7.2c

14

0.3

single crystal

–

–

–

462

–

54

6.3c

8.6

7.3

TSuc

solution

386

3.21

5.5

469

0.57

56

12c

4.6

3.6

polycrystalline

–

–

–

457

–

79

4.7c

17

4.5

TPid

solution

343

3.61

3.8

450

0.87

13

3.3c

3.9

26

polycrystalline

–

–

–

454

–

53

7.0c

7.6

6.7

TPip

solution

308

4.03

4.2

383

0.79

2

2.8d

0.71

35

polycrystalline

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

SGlu

solution

321

3.86

5.4

371

0.52

1

1.4d

0.71

71

polycrystalline

–

–

–

377

–

2

–

–

–

  1. Absorption maximum λabs and EFC, molar extinction coefficient ε, emission maximum λem, fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and lifetime (τF), radiative (kF = ΦF/τF) and nonradiative rates (knr = (1-ΦF)/τF). The absorption and emission wavelengths are noted at their maximum peaks. a Absolute quantum yields were measured using an integrating sphere. The absorption and emission data within the integrating sphere were compared with those of a blank sample. Each sample was tested in quadruplicate, using a freshly prepared sample for each quantum yield measurement to ensure consistency. All measurements demonstrated high repeatability, and the reported errors are given as ±1 standard deviation. b Lifetimes (τF) were measured by time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) in Supplementary Fig. 15. The τF are extracted from c mono-exponential fits: I(t) = A×exp(-t/τF) and d bi-exponential fits: I(t)= A1×exp(−t/τ1) + A2×exp(−t/τ2) and <τF>int = (A1×τ12 + A2×τ22)/(A1×τ1 + A2×τ2).
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